Critical Lens Essay

Trust is a very valuable thing is one’s life. Without trust, it is next to impossible to go through life. Graham Green happens to agree with this as she had once said, â€Å"†¦ it is impossible o go through life without trust†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One can interpret this quote as trust being an essential aspect to life and in order to go through it, there must be someone or something a person can put his or her faith in. Two works of literature that reflect this quote are The Fault in Our Stars by John Greene and A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry. Trust sometimes helps people strengthen themselves to be able to go through tough times in life. John Greene proves so in his book, The Fault in Our Stars. Hazel and Augustus are able to build a strong relationship. The author uses characterization in order to build trust between the two characters. Since Hazel was able to put her faith in Augustus, her character became stronger and started to have more confidence in herself. Augustus, a philosophical teenager, helps Hazel live her life in the limited time that she has although he, himself was dying. Both characters became stronger and were able to live their life as much as they could because of how they made each other feel. Augustus made sure Hazel never looked down on herself. When it was time for Augustus to go, Hazel was strong enough to give him a proper good-bye. In Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun, trust is used in order strengthen the relationships within the family. When Mama receives the insurance check that the family was waiting for, Mama decides to buy a house with the money. Doing so creates a conflict between Walter Lee. To make things right, Mama entrusts him with the rest of the money. But, Walter Lee breaks the whole family’s trust by investing the money in the liquor store even though he told not to do so. When his friend runs away with the money, Walter Lee realizes his mistake. It was the family’s faith in Walter Lee, which let them forgive him. The family knew that he truly regretted what he had done and that he would do everything in his power to try and gain their trust. Trust is the key to building relationships and maintaining them. In John Greene’s The Fault in Our Stars and Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun, the trust and faith is what keeps the characters headstrong. Hazel and Augustus’s trust helps them stay optimistic through their illness. The Younger family’s trust within themselves helps maintain their relationships with each other and get through tough obstacles in life. Both works of literature prove that trust is essential to life.

Business And Organization: questions and answers Essay

1. Distinguish between an absolute advantage and a comparative advantage. Cite an example of a country that has an absolute advantage and one with a comparative advantage. Absolute advantage is when a monopoly exists in a country when it is the only source and product of an item. Meanwhile, a comparative advantage is when a country can supply products more efficiently and at a lower cost than it can produce other items. South Africa has an absolute advantage because of its diamonds. The United States has a comparative advantage because of the many products we produce. 3. What effect does devaluation have on a nation’s currency? Can you think of a country that has devaluated or revaluated its currency? What have been the results?Devaluation decreases the value of currency in relation to other currencies. Mexico is a country that has devalued their currency. The result of this is to make things less expensive. 4. How do political issues affect international business?Political issues affect international business by it helps to sell products overseas. 5. What is an import tariff? A quota? Dumping? How might a country use import tariffs and quotas to control its balance of trade and payments? Why can dumping result in the imposition of tariffs and quotas?An import tariff is a tax made by the nation on goods imported into the country. A quota limits the amount of products that can be imported into a country. Dumping is a country selling products at less than what it costs to produce them. A country uses import tariffs to protect domestic products by raising the price of imported ones. A country uses quotas by voluntary agreement or by government decree. Dumping can result in the imposition of tariffs and quotas because it permits quick entry into the market or a firm’s product is too small to have a certain level of production. 6. How do social and cultural differences create barriers to international trade? Can you think of any additional social or cultural barriers (other than those mentioned in this chapter) that might inhibit international  business?Social and cultural differences create barriers to international trade by cultural differences in spoken and written languages are different. A certain phrase in America can be defined as something very different and sometimes inappropriate in another culture. Body languages and personal space are also an affect. These differences can cause misunderstandings or uncomfortable feelings toward a specific business. Another cultural barrier may be a certain religion and something that person believes in. A business may be mocking a religion without knowing anything about it. 8. At what levels might a firm get involved in international business? What level requires the least commitment of resources? What level requires the most?A firm might get involved in international business at many levels, it depends on the commitment and effort a certain company decides to involve itself in international trade. The least commitment of resources is a small company on the level of less than 100 employees. The level which requires the most is a large company with more than 500 employees. 9. Compare and contrast licensing, franchising, contract manufacturing, and outsourcing. Licensing is a trade arrangement in which on company allows another to use its company’s name, products, patents, brands, trademarks, raw materials, and many others in exchange for a fee or royalty. Franchising is a form of licensing in which a company agrees to provide their name, logo, methods of operation, advertising, products, and other elements in return for a financial commitment and the agreement to conduct business in accordance with the original standard of operations. Contract manufacturing is when a company hires a foreign company to produce a specified amount of the firm’s product to specification. Outsourcing is transferring manufacturing or other tasks to companies in countries where labor and supplies are less expensive. All of these ideas are similar in the way it helps businesses expand their work into more areas of their own countries or in foreign countries as well. 10. Compare multinational and global strategies. Which is best? Under what circumstances might each be used?Multinational strategies are plans used by  international companies that involve customizing products, promotion, and distribution according to cultural, technological, regional, and national differences. Global strategies involve standardizing products for the whole world. The best is global strategies because it helps the world recognize different cultures and understand the way one culture believes to another. A global strategy is used by American clothing, movies, music, and cosmetics. A Multinational strategy is used by celebrities being advertised in one country but can’t be advertised in another because of the unfamiliarity. Book: Business Organization and Management

How do generic conventions inform your understanding of Macbeth? Essay

The tragedy of Macbeth is his â€Å"Vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and fallson th’other.† In this famous play, William Shakespeare positions the audience to feel pity towards the protagonist involved, and potentially the protagonist is the tragic hero. But in the play, Macbeth, how does he do this? Shakespeare positions us to feel pity for Macbeth, the protagonist, by using generic, dramatic and theatrical conventions such as soliloquies, hamartia and symbolism. My understanding of the play Macbeth, is shaped by Shakespeare’s use of generic conventions to represent the characters inner turmoil and through this, their tragic flaws. Specifically, soliloquies are used to reveal Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s inner turmoil as they lose their sanity for power. The first soliloquy in Macbeth is said by Lady Macbeth which reveals her inner turmoil about the letter she receives from Macbeth, as she worries that he may not be strong enough to kill Duncan, and through this her tragic flaw is revealed . As the witches prediction about Macbeth to become â€Å"Thane of Glamis and Cawdor† comes true, she is lured into the trap of believing that he will become king however worries that he is too much of a coward to make it happen. Act 1 Scene 5, line 6, â€Å"Yet do thy nature; It is too full o’ milk of human nature†. It’s evident that through the term â€Å"o’milk of human nature† symbolises the milk of a human and the only kind of human that produces milk is a female. Milk only comes from the female when she is a mother and mothers are traditionally nurturing and kind. So Lady Macbeth is saying that Macbeth is quite feminine in the way of his kindness. Furthermore, Lady Macbeth thinks Macbeth doesn’t have the ruthless nature like she does to strike aggressively at a first opportunity to have power and even though he wants power, his â€Å"nature† is too kind to be king in the evil way that she plans to do it. When receiving news that the king is going to stay at the Macbeth castle, she feels she must be the one to kill Duncan in order for Macbeth to become king and her to be queen, however in the soliloquy after she received the news, she talks to the â€Å"spirits† about how willing she is to do the deed to get the power and seize the throne. Although at the same time, it touches on the theme of masculinity, â€Å"tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,† Act 1 Scene 5, line 31. â€Å"Come to my woman’s breasts, And take my milk for gall,† Act 1 Scene 5, line 38. Both quotes suggest the different sex, â€Å"unsex me here†, by changing sex Lady Macbeth feels she would be more masculine, than she is now, as a man. With the second quote mentioning â€Å"milk†, this suggests womanhood, represented by milk and breasts, symbolising nurture and compassion and she says she has this as well as her ruthlessness but wants to be more cruel, â€Å"of direct cruelty! Make thick my blood† Act 1 Scene 5, line 33. When all of her plans and inner turmoil is revealed to us, her hamartia suddenly becomes clearer – her flaw is that she is extremely power hungry and will do anything to feed it, however this results in her downfall as she turns insane from her guilty conscience of manipulating Macbeth, simply because she is too cowardice to do her own business. Macbeth’s first soliloquy in the play portrays him to be his sane self, making the agonizing decision of whether he should go through with the evil deed of assassinating King Duncan. In his decision he puts into account King Duncan’s qualities, â€Å"this Duncan, hath borne his faculties so meek,† Act 1 Scene 7, line 16, and his loyalty and faith towards the king, â€Å"He is here in bought trust†¦as I am his kinsman†¦then as his host, who should against his murderer shut the door, not bear the knife himself† Act 1 Scene 7, line 12, which represents the kind nature of Macbeth, not wanting to go through with seizing the throne by murdering Duncan because he likes Duncan as he is a strong and humble leader. He also describes that his death would be showered with, â€Å"angels, trumpet-tongued,† Act 1 Scene 7. Angels are a representation of heaven and heaven is symbolised as good which means Duncan will go to heaven if he dies because of his goodness. This reminds us how severe and alarming it is to kill a human being just for power and Macbeth realises this also, this is seen through the use of language, â€Å"Bloody instructions† and â€Å"our poisoned chalice† and â€Å"deep damnation† and through this, an image of darkness is made which makes it clear to us that Macbeth knows what he could do is wrong and if he does it he will be forever in a world of sin. At the same time, the one only reason Macbeth wants to proceed in the deed is his ambition to become powerful, â€Å"but only vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and fallson th’other.† Act 1 Scene 7, line 27. The only thing motivating him is his ambition, however Macbeth knows ambition could lead him on towards disaster, (coincidentally it did) therefore decides not to go along with his wife’s plans. Although after his soliloquy when he admits to Lady Macbeth he doesn’t want to carry on with the plan, Lady Macbeth threatens Macbeth that he will no longer be a man in her eyes but a coward and that she might never love him again if he doesn’t kill Duncan. This affects Macbeth’s inner turmoil because as a man, he like to show his bravery and have courage and by going against his wife could damage his masculinity and so carries on with the play. My understanding of Macbeth’s tragic flaw, as evidenced in this soliloquy, is that he doesn’t want to damage his pride, his masculinity or his ambition and this, then, leads to his downfall. The next soliloquy used by Macbeth reveals to the audience that the pressure of killing the king is finally taking a turn on his mind. In his speech, Macbeth makes accusations of seeing a dagger, identical to his, in front of him however he becomes confused when he can’t decide what is happening. At first, when the dagger appears he believes it to be a â€Å"false creation† which is a hallucination, as he has already tried to grab it but failed, caused by a â€Å"Heat- oppressà ¨d brain†, in other words, he’s ill. Then just after saying this, he believes that it’s something different, â€Å"Thou marshall’st me the way that I was going,† Act 2 Scene 1. The meaning for this quote is that the dagger is pointing him in the direction that he is going and this symbolises and proves that his decision to kill the king is already set in motion. The direction of the dagger may have been just his mind but could have been witchcraft also†¦ 3â€Å"Witchcraft celebrates, Pale Hecate’s offerings,† Since Macbeth already believes the witches, there is no other reasons not to disagree with them. Macbeth’s tragic flaw of his self-pride of masculinity, ambition and lust for power ends up in his downfall of insanity from confusion and stress and later on in the play he metaphorically â€Å"plummets to his death† as he loses control of his paranoia. Shakespeare positions the audience, with monologues like this, to see that Macbeth is stressed, scared and confused about the act he is about to commit, this slowly leads him to lose his sanity just so he can please his wife, achieve his goal of ambition and protect his pride and masculinity. My understanding of Macbeth is greatly shaped by generic conventions such a soliloquies. Throughout the play soliloquies were used to explain the main character’s inner turmoil. Macbeth appeared to be a power greed murder that stopped at nothing to be the king of Scotland. However through soliloquies, it was clear to me that this was his hamartia and his tragic flaw, which made him this way, was that he was ambitious, proud of his masculinity and courage. So when Lady Macbeth threatens him and names him a coward for not killing Duncan, he want does it to protect his pride. This makes us pity him as he had no choice and becomes insane from the paranoia and guilty conscience. In my opinion, I think Shakespeare had a message of purpose of Macbeth and that was to show the audience that ambition and desire is destructive and no matter how much a person wants power, they should never let it overcome them.

Feasibility of Hotel to Implement Changes in Strategy Essay

Feasibility of Hotel to Implement Changes in Strategy - Essay Example This assures the guests of dependable services and satisfaction. (Gregory, G., Lumpkin, G.&Marilyn, L04). The strategy of the hotel to cope with the influx of guests is feasible because the hotel has already moved to a system of having multi-skilled works to cope up with the needs the hotel has proved this also by having them call stuff from other hotels and restaurants to the do the job. This is the flexibility that is needed for the management to work effectively and efficiently. This proves that the hotel can have a better system which is more effective by having an on and off system of hiring labor and retraining the current workers to be multi-skilled or rehiring multi-skilled workers. Changes to make sure Quality of services are there is necessary to be in place; in the case of this hotel, the guest can lose their luggage in transit to the hotel. The irritation may be transferred to the hotel, to tame and attend the guests can be hard thus a change of strategy can be implemented which allows the hotel receive their customers goods from the airlines and other transport services and being well connected with this transport networks to help to trace luggage’s and easy retrieval, this can tame the guests to allow them to enjoy the services of the hotels. The atmosphere of the hotel plays a major role in the satisfaction of the guests since this creates the impression of luxury and class. This call for a change of the hardware of the place to be stylish has a test of class. Designs traced to the current meaning of class should be present. Say adoption of the latest trends in hotel management should be prioritized.  

Compare and Contrast Two Gothic Cathedrals Assignment

Compare and Contrast Two Gothic Cathedrals - Assignment Example Monumental sculpture was the earliest art situated on the walls of Abbeys and Cathedrals. It was a style used in expressing power as its characteristics were used to express emotions (Newman, 2001). Gothic architecture has been used in many different places like the guild halls, palaces castles and town halls among others. In this research we are going to rely on the gothic in the middle-age period which is between 1350 to 1520 CE. We will mainly observe compare and contrast the Chartres gothic cathedral and Amiens cathedral- Western Faà §ade (Rudolph, 2006). They are both used as places of worship by believers (Rudolph, 2006). This means that they act as churches and the advisors among a given group during that period. This promoted religion to move widely as compared to past Era. 3. Amiens Cathedral-Western Faà §ades made from France and during that time limestone was very available thereby being used in its construction. England at that time had coarse limestone and also red sandstone which was used in its construction (Harvey, 2006). 7. They both have message as they mainly target the society. This gives an idea or religious beliefs and also information to the society and population at large. The gothic was also used in representing the universe in the microcosm and also used as a way of preaching to the public. 8. Religion is the main subject of the cathedrals. This is because they are used as a sacred place for worship. They were used for biblical teaching taking an example of the Virgin Mary’s gothic to express the kind of love to their believer. 13. Symbolism is used by the drawings on the wall representing people from the bible like the prophets of the bible. There is the example of the trinity portal which is in three parts representing God the father, the son and the Holy Spirit (Harvey, 2006). 15. The function of the gothic artwork is to attract people to the churches in order to spread

Law for Non-Lawyers Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law for Non-Lawyers - Case Study Example Thereafter, Billy is under the influence of Alcohol, and he slaps the nurse when he is denied permission to see the wife in the hospital. Under these circumstances, the crown court has to put into consideration the various fields of law that Billy fails to adhere to; for instance, the Family Law- under the domestic violence, the criminal law- Assault on a public servant (Nurse) (Ferraro and Boychuck 209). Further insights into this situation is the place where the crime occurred, there is the presence of Children aged 5 and 8. Based on family laws, it is apparent that domestic violence propagates perilous effects on children because, at this ages children are at a critical stage of growth and development and exposure to domestic violence may change their perception and strategies to use in making decisions (Ferraro and Boychuck 209). Finally, the Crown Court may file a case against Billy on attempted murder on Hilda in using a chair leg to hit his wife. Using some peer reviewed journ als, secondary sources, publications, and statutes, the paper shall analyze a justified decision that the Crown Court may take concerning Billy’s situation (Asmus 115–158). According to Dr. Badawi & Jamal (1971), the both civilization and Christianity values the wellbeing of women and restores their rights. Therefore, a woman is a companion to the husband but not a legal obligation to him. In the first case, Billy assaults his wife by hitting her with a chair leg harming her. This is against the laws defined under section 47 on offences Against the Person Act 1861. Based on the offences Against the Person Act 1861, Billy’s act of assault falls under the intent of causing resulting to bodily harm or wounding (Asmus 115–158). In view of both the Crown Court sections, the court has every right to file a case against the assaults committed by Billy on Hilda and the nurse. However, the Crown Court will only open a case against Billy if Hilda accepts to file a case against Billy for the injuries sustained. For this reason, any course of action by the crown court is dependent on the Hilda’s decision, and the testimony that the children may provide to the Court on what they saw. They are the eyewitnesses on the circumstances surrounding the guilty consciousness of Billy (Asmus 115–158). Therefore, if Hilda takes a decision of opening a case against her husband, then, these puts the Crown into a better position of prosecuting Billy and justifies the issues surrounding the violence Act against Hilda. Hilda is a victim of violence to her husband the moment her rights are violated by Billy. It is very apparent that, Billy intended to cause violence because at the time of the crime, he was in his right frame of mind. Under the Family Violence Act, domestic violence is any form of mistreatment caused to a family member. The form of violence may involve children, close/elderly relatives, but violence occurs between spouses (Asmus 115 –158). Based on all these facts and the course of action taken by Hilda, Crown Court prosecutor may consider sentencing Billy for approximately 4 – 5 years. Considering the case, or rather, this incidence occurred in May 2004, a man

CRM (Tesco) Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

CRM (Tesco) - Statistics Project Example This dissertation basically aimed to achieve an understanding of whether the concepts of customer relationship management which are so effective in industries like banking, airlines etc can also be as useful as they are for the said industries. This research therefore focused on the broad categorization of whether CRM has the power to create customer loyalty and if yes can the same concept be imitated for the retail industry. The Dissertation describes the customer relationship management (CRM) initiatives undertaken by Tesco, the number one retailing company in the United Kingdom (UK), since the mid-1990s. The company's growth and its numerous customer service efforts are discussed. The dissertation then studies the loyalty card scheme launched by the company in 1995. It examines how the data generated through this scheme was used to modify the company's marketing strategies and explores the role played by the scheme in making Tesco the market leader. This dissertation also takes a look at the various other ways in which Tesco tried to offer its customers the best possible service. Finally, the company's future prospects are commented on in light of changing market dynamics, the company's new strategic game plan. Customer relationship management is not a new concept as many organisations have successfully implemented it to achieve better results. The business model of the Dell suggests that how delivering directly to the customers can create strong customer loyalty and help develop the effective customer relationship management within the organisation. In its essence, Customer relationship management is considered as an activity through which organisations try to maintain customer retention and try to develop customer loyalty through that. However information technology has played an important role in the development of CRM not only as a concept but also as a practical reality. However traditionally CRM has remained the domain of some typical and particular industries such as banking, airlines, automobiles, hotels as well as electronic commerce. Retail Industry such as large super stores such as Tesco, ASDA etc has not been able to initiate the same level of CRM as it should have been. As a case study we have chosen Tesco as our reference point for discussing the CRM with specific reference to Tesco. This study will aim to analyze and understand the role of CRM into retail industry and whether CRM can prove useful in Retail Industry. Accordingly research objectives such as the ability of CRM to create customer loyalty, whether CRM has the ability to create the same for retail industry and to finally evaluate the extent of CRM into current industry. Company History History of Tesco can be traced back to the second decade of last century when Jack Cohen started to sell grocessories from a stall in London. The business survived and soon it emerged as the leading grocery providers in the country. Tesco is now the largest retail organisation in UK in

Texas Government analytical research paper Essay

Texas Government analytical research paper - Essay Example Some would say that it is fear that makes them forgo any sense of reason, or rational, when they decide that this is their only best option in their quest to enter the country through any means. Through the mainstream news media, the immigration debate is a hotly discussed topic and is ever more so during election time. Observation would note that the states that see the biggest influx of immigration include California, Arizona, New Mexico and lastly Texas. During election time, politicians set out to achieve the highest office in the land and parade about the country, all the while detailing how they and they alone can fix the ailments for the country and its people. With two of the biggest political contests also being two of the states that deal with immigration issues on a daily basis, immigration itself has grown into one of the biggest discussed issues during both the primaries, as well as the general election cycle. With Americans nervous on a daily basis about their own job security and the welfare of their families, the illegal immigration debate is something that they take very personally. As the 2008 Presidential election continues, it is imperative to observe how the mainstream candidates plan to conquer this problem. The best way to do that is to not only listen to their public speeches on the matter, but to also observe their written statements, or "agendas", that are published on their online campaign websites. Most would argue that this election year is a year of firsts. Either the first woman President, the first African American President, or the oldest ever elected President will be the result of this election year. Hillary Rodham Clinton has been in the political mindset for many going back to her husband's 1992 Presidential campaign. After her husband left office in 2001, she began a career in the United Sates Senate as a representative for the citizens of New York. Even before she officially entered the race, many had contemplated and theorized as to when, if ever, Mrs. Clinton would in fact fun for the highest elected office in the nation. After looking at the mainstream candidates who are working tirelessly to achieve the highest office in the land, it is also important to assess the methods which are being taken by the local, as well as state level government, to go about the issue of immigration. Before doing so, one would have to understand the costs of the illegal immigration to the citizens of the state of Texas. To do that, the group FAIR, or the Federation for American Immigration Reform, in their online report writes that, "Analysis of the latest Census data indicates Texas's illegal immigrant population is costing the state's taxpayers more than 4.7 billion per year for education, medical care, and incarceration. Even if the estimated tax contributions of illegal immigrant workers are subtracted, net outlays still amount to more than 3.7 billion per year. The annual fiscal burden amounts to $725 per Texas household headed by a native-born resident," ("FAIR" p.1). An idea to be brought forward to the bargaining table would be the introduction of new laws to deal with the issue of illegal immigration and its impact of native citizens. As another state that deals with the issue of illegal immigrants within its own borders, the California-based newspaper the San Francisco Chronicle, in an article written

Customer Information Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Customer Information Management - Essay Example Companies particularly doing e-business achieve decisive competitive advantages by knowing their customers' wishes in detail, guaranteeing them customized service, and establishing long-term relationships with them. By delivering 24/7 personalized access to customer service via the Internet, a call centre, or face to face, they can get the most from their company's existing customers, and develop an ongoing stream of satisfied customers in the future []. Customer information management covers methods and technologies used by companies to manage their relationships with clients. Information stored on existing customers (and potential customers) is analyzed and used to this end [1]. Automated information management processes are often used to generate automatic personalized marketing based on the customer information stored in the system. In its broadest sense, customer information management covers all interaction and business with customers. A good CIM program allows a business to acquire customers, provide customer services and retain valued customers. CIM applications often track customer interests and requirements, as well as their buying habits. This information can be used to target customers selectively. ... Providing a mechanism for correcting service deficiencies Storing customer interests in order to target customers selectively Providing mechanisms for managing and scheduling maintenance, repair, and on-going support CIM applications often track customer interests and requirements, as well as their buying habits. This information can be used to target customers selectively. Furthermore, the products a customer have purchased can be tracked throughout the product's life cycle, allowing customers to receive information concerning a product or to target customers with information on alternative products once a product begins to be phased out [2]. Repeat purchases rely on customer satisfaction, which in turn comes from a deeper understanding of each customer and their individual needs. Customer Information management is an alternative to the "one size fits all" approach. In industrial markets, the technology can be used to coordinate the conflicting and changing purchase criteria of the sector. The data gathered as part of Customer Information management raises concerns over customer privacy and enables coercive sales techniques (Goodhue, 2002). However, Customer Information management does not necessarily involve gathering new data, but also includes making better use of customer information gathered as a result of routine customer interaction. The privacy debate generally focuses on the customer information stored in the centralised database itself, and fears over a company's handling of this information, especially regarding third parties [3]. Profit from the numerous advantages of an innovative solution for customer relationship management [3]: Reduce your costs by transferring functions in a targeted manner from company to customer, simplifying

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

Business Law - Essay Example It was thus making an offer of its product to firm of Taite, Lewis and Co, at a particular price each model specification is also spelt out in the brochure. Sagay, I.E., (1993) defined an offer in his book, Nigerian of contract as â€Å"†¦ a definite undertaking or promise made by one part with the intention that it shall become binding on the party making it as soon as it is accepted by the party to whom it is addressed†. Whizz PC Ltd becomes the offeror and Taite, Lewis and Co becomes the offeree. A contract comes into existence only between the offeror and the person or persons responding to the offer and accepting it. This principle was declared in the famous case of Carbolic Smoke Ball Co v. Carllil1 by brown, L.J., is now expressed by stating that an offer can be made not only to an individual or group of persons, but also to the whole world. In the case2, defendant had argued that no contract could arise from their advertisement because you cannot make a contract with the whole world. This argument the court demolished by stating as follows: For an offer capable of becoming binding on acceptance, it must be definitely clear and final. If it is merely a preliminary move in negotiation which may lead to a contract, it not an offer but an invitation to treat. This was the case when Whizz PC Ltd sent its brochure to the Taite, Lewis and Co firm. The offeror must not â€Å"merely have been feeling his way towards an agreement not merely initiating negotiations from which an agreement might or might not in time result†3. On 27 of January, the partners of Taite, Lewis and Co wrote to whizz PC ltd placing an order for 20 of the whiz 4000 PCs stipulating that the price of 500 Pounds must include installation and a 24 months onsite repair/troubleshooting service. The firm of Taite, Lewis and Co, stated that it will pay for the supply if machines 60 days after the date of the delivery. In the invitation of treat sent by

Crime and punishment morally ambigous character Essay Example for Free

Crime and punishment morally ambigous character Essay Several morally ambiguous characters played different vital roles in Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky. In fact, most characters illustrated in this twisted novel can be evaluated as possesing good and evil qualities. Sonia Marmeladov is especially ambiguous and important in this novel. Her contradicting social and moral statuses along with her contrasting roles as a saintly liberator and sinner allowed Sonia to play a crucial role throughout the novel. Not only that but her character further strengthens the theme of religious awakening. At times Sonias character becomes hard to categorize as good or evil because of her actions. The first descriptions the reader gets of Sonia are from her drunk father, Marmeladov. She has lived her life with little money, poor housing conidtions described as having every sign of povery (294). Sonia tries to make an honest living by making linen shirts but do you suppose that a respectable poor girl can earn much by hard work? Not fifteen farthings a day can she earn(15). Not merely enough to support a family along with her drunk fathers habits. So Sonia eventually becomes a prositute in order to to support her family and gains a yellow ticket (16) This is what gained Sonia her title as a sinner and which puts her character at question. However, Marmeladov explains to Raskolnikov how Sonia goes to them mostly after dark, she comforts Katerina Ivanorna and gives her all she can( 16). This part of Sonias character depicts her as a loving daughter willing to sacrifice herself to save her family. This portrayal in some ways resembles Christ as He himself bore our sins in his body on the cross, so that we might die to sins and live for righteousness. He sarcrificed himself as she sacrifies herself. Does that change the fact that she is committing a sin? No of course not and that is exactly where the conflict of her morality takes place. The world sees her in such an attire(163)which puts her to shame in her guady finery (163) Yet the reader sees a young, timid girl who was pushed to take drastic decisions in her life. It is Sonias actions which are evil but her purpose and pure soul make her more saintly than most of the characters in the novel. Because her character plays this role, it is her who helps Raskolnikov find his religious faith and who leads him to finally come clean later on in the book. Another circumstance where Sonya is morally ambiguous is where she has to decide to either have a relationship with Raskolnikov, or leave him out of the picture when he tells her that it is he who murdered the pawnbroker. Sonya knows that it is right to help Raskolnikov because he could be lost and go even deeper into his madness. However, Sonya knows that Raskolnikov is a killer and it would be wrong to be associated with somebody who knowingly commits sins as extravagant as murder. Sonya is also aware that Raskolnikov has issues and his madness could drive him to do other things that could lead to even worse consequences. Sonia does tell Raskolnikov that he must turn himself in and confess his sins but she also hugs him and kisses him as to comfort him. Her odd response is to tell Raskolnikov I will follow you, I will follow you everywhere Ill follow you to Siberia (407). As she tries to find a valid excuse as to why he killed those women, she finds that there was no good intentions in his mind, yet she still sticks by Raskolnikovs side. This response leaves the reader wondering whether Sonia is doing this to help a lost soul and play her role as a saintly liberator or does her love blind her and is she simply not caring that what Raskolnikov committed was murder. However, even though the last part of the book depicts Sonia as an accomplice to a morally wrong crime, the epilogue illustrates her as a saintly liberator. In Siberia, the image which she carried back in part one and part two of the book are stripped and she is loved by the prisoners in the camp. They even called her â€Å"little mother Sofya Semyonovna†(538), and although it is clearly stated that Sonia herself did nothing special to be liked, their preference for her depicts that they sensed her moral â€Å"goodness. † Without direct statement, Sonia herself was the reason why Raskolnikov felt in some way his religious reawakening. Through her unconditional love, she and her role made this â€Å"story of a gradual renewal of a man† (542) happen. Dostoevsky theme of religion was carried on and developed by Sonia’s character through her moral ambiguity. Though her character appears to be immoral in several cases, in the epilogue the reader sees how it all comes together and how Doestoevsky uses Sonya illustrates important social and political issues that were of concern to him, such as the treatment of women, the effects of poverty, the importance of religious faith, and the importance of devotion to family.

Definition of Politics Essay Example for Free

Definition of Politics Essay The art and science of government; dealing with the form, organisation and administration of a state or part of one, and of the regulation of its relations with other statespolitical [means] belonging to or pertaining to the state, its government and policy. Oxford English Dictionary. There are two types of political systems, the Centralised political system, and the Decentralised political system. The centralised political system is a means to run the country under central control, with no local authorities creating rules and regulations for a specific area, an example of this is the former Soviet Union, or modern China. This ruling is known as communism. Sports in communist countries are controlled in the same way as any other social agencies, such as education. Sport was used for boosting morale, production, and effectiveness of the military and to provide a successful image for their regime around the world. The athletes of the communist bloc regimes dominated world sport for many years until the cold war ended. A decentralised political system is one where the administration of government is re-organised into smaller autonomous units such as local authorities in the UK and individual states in the USA. Each area decides its own policies on sport provision and effectiveness of sport in schools. Many sports people see sport as a means of escaping every day life, which is controlled by the government and do not which to see sport controlled except by their own governing, bodies e.g. IOC, FIFA. However, government influence cannot be avoided in some circumstances. Sport has been used for government propaganda purposes, for example the Nazi propaganda in the 1936 Olympic Games, which Hitler used to promote his Nazi ideals. In Russia, the government insisted that a fitness campaign called Ready for labour and defence was compulsory for all its citizens and was still operational in the latter half of the 20th century. In our own country, following heavy losses in the Boer war, it was felt that the military was not fit enough and so compulsory fitness exercises was instigated in all state schools in the early 20th century to improve the fitness of the working class. More recently, we can see how politics and sport cannot be separated when the English cricket team pulled out of a group match due to political unrest between Zimbabwe and England. Sport can be used to introduce or reinforce social harmony. By introducing good sporting facilities into areas that have suffered unrest, the government hopes to lure youths to use the facilities wisely in their spare time rather than be involved in anti-social behaviour. The governments Education Act of 1988 affected the provision of sport in schools. The conservative government wanted more control over the teaching of physical education in schools and produced a report called Raising the game.  In reality, sport needs politics as much as politics needs sport. For example, the government can provide finance and locations to stage major sporting events such as the Olympics and the World Cup. In return, sporting teams who perform well promote a country to the rest of the world, and raises national pride. All beneficial to any government. Drugs have been used throughout history, since the time of the Greeks and Romans who took substances to improve their performance and so it is not a modern problem. However, drug use in modern sport has become more widespread, and is now shown to be a problem across all the sports and in both genders, at both amateur and professional levels. An increase in drug use came about through various factors such as advances in biology and medicine, the use of drugs in WW2, the development, and availability of testosterone steroids and growth hormones in the 1950s. Weight trainers saw the potential of these drugs and used them to their own advantage and other athletes were able to see the potential of using drugs to improve their own play e.g. snooker players used beta-blockers to steady nerves.

LOreal Global Marketing Strategy

LOreal Global Marketing Strategy LOreal is a great example of how global branding strategy can be used to generate new growth opportunities when all other companies were not going great guns. In the late 90s and early 2000s when the Asian and Latin American economies were shaky and doing poorly, and numerous international brands struggled, LOreal surged ahead. How did it happen? The answer lies in their beautifully framed mission statement as it elaborates their understanding of the marketability of their product and the need of marketing it globally: at LORÉAL; we believe that everyone aspires to beauty. Our mission is to help men and women around the world realize that aspiration, and express their individual personalities to the full. This is what gives meaning and value to our business, and to the working lives of our employees. We are proud of our work. (Source: LOreal website, www. loreal.com) 1 In 2005, the $18.89 billion LOreal group was the most successful cosmetics brand. According to the business week survey 2004 LOreal was ranked 49th. LOreal marketed beauty products e.g. Makeup, perfume, and skincare and hair products to both women and men in approximately 150 countries. The LOreal group reported its 19th consecutive year of double digit growth in December 2005. Since 1989, LOreals sales had grown at a compounded annual rate of 12% to 1.7 billion. Analyzing the kind of growth story it has written an analyst has rightly described it as the United Nations of beauty .the kind of global presence LOreal has it can only be compared to the United Nations. LOreals global branding strategy thats doing wonders has been actively spearheaded by Owen Jones himself. Lindsey Owen Jones has been the CEO of LOreal for nearly two decades and a chairman now, and under his leadership LOreal has really fine tuned its global branding strategy. Interestingly some press reports tell us that he has been seen roaming around streets in foreign markets to understand the new and existing trends. And without any doubts his interesting work style seems to work wonders. The branding strategy of LOreal has such an impact that LOreal seems to be the only global leader in every segment of the cosmetics industry, right positioning of its products seems to be the key .whatever its trying to sell the French elegance or street smartness of America; is getting good response throughout the world .and LOreal has been able to reach its consumers across the national and cultural boundaries. Owen Jones says: We have this great strategy back in the head office of how we are going to do it worldwide. But when you go out and look at what is happening, is there a big gap between your projections and the reality of what you see and hear? It is so important to have a world vision because otherwise decentralized consumer goods companies with many brands can fracture into as many little parts if somebody isnt pulling it back the other way the whole time with a central vision. This really explains why he prefers roaming in the streets for his strategy making rather than sitting in the boardroom. Having said all that its quiet evident that the global branding strategy of LOreal has paid huge dividends to the company overall. In order to understand this splendid growth story we need to see how exactly LOreal applied their strategy to the countries that were entirely distinct as far as the lifestyle, spending pattern and culture is concerned. LOreal was started in France, has a good brand value in the united states of America, is reaping good dividends from India and has a remarkable presence in Japan. These are different complex societies with different needs, so how exactly LOreal managed to be equally successful in all these places? This question needs some fact finding to be done on the basis of country specific products and strategies adopted by the cosmetics conglomerate. Thats what exactly we will try doing in the next section of this case study. In India 4 billion 7.5 ml sachets are sold every year and thats a staggering 66% of total shampoo consumption in India. Most of the urban Indian women (96%) use shampoo, however only 46% use foundation. For hair care a huge 74% population of Indian women still rely on home remedies, 42% use henna and 94% use hair oil, as far as the LOreals sale per person in India is concerned is just 10 cents compared to 28 Euros per person in France. In India skin lightening creams (fairness creams) constitute more than 50% of skincare market people seem to be crazy for getting for getting fairer. (Source: LOreal, Nielsen) These facts are self explanatory about the nature of Indian market and its clearly stating that the strategy used in USA or any other European countries is not going to work in India. USA is a mature market as far as cosmetics consumption is concerned India is an emerging economy with most of the population below 35 years of age and a huge aspiring middle class. The cosmetics market is growing approximately at an annual rate of 16% in India, still a long way to go. The youth in urban centers is very concerned about the image but the larger section is still off the fashion map. Interestingly even after the success story of corporate India , apparently its still a country that is very much community oriented. The great Indian middle class is aspiring but still has the community driven cultural values intact. LOreal has taken this fact very much into consideration while preparing the marketing strategy for India. A very good example would be the launch of garnier fructis shampoo in India. The concept was to rely on idea rather than relying on advertising a brand. The idea of getting five times stronger hair was the central point that created the hype, through word of mouth or network marketing. Initially it was positioned as product for young and teenagers, once the product was established in the market it tried to change or rather increase the target base by shifting gears. In a recent advertisement of garnier hair color a daughter is shown advising her mother to try the garnier product and explaining the benefits. Again it relies on the concept of idea getting spread by word of mouth to another customer segment. This is the best example of marketing in a closed community driven society. There is one more remarkable thing about this entire campaign the catch line take care. It shifts the focus from the product to the core value of Indian society caring about others and the entire advertisement becomes more of a good advice rather than publicity. China is the worlds most populated country in the world and that makes it very clear that it has the potential of being the biggest consumer market. These days Chinese women are spending on an average 10 to 15% of their income on cosmetics products, an urban Chinese lady would use 2.2 cosmetics products on an average every morning. Evidently most of them want to be fashionable and the LOreal punch line if you want to be fashionable, just choose Maybelline, really seems to work. Masses are made to believe that this is something that represents America and it ought to be trendy. Maybelline is the product line for the masses and LOreal really uses the tendency of masses to look towards the USA thats why the Maybelline products are displayed against the backdrop of shiny skyline of New York City Chinese women prefer skincare and beauty products. According to a research by LOreal in china women are concerned about the radiance of their skin and prefer skin nourishing lotions that protect their skin from skin-drying winters. Unlike us customers most Chinese women like skin whiteners rather than tanning products. Its a sign of beauty for Chinese women. Also, the texture of Chinese hair is thicker and more course than typical US Caucasian hair. This requires different product, and really a different skill set to effectively sell and get these products moving in China. LOreal has dedicated research facilities for these and other issues, and followed up with more innovations to suit the needs and preferences of Chinese consumers.   There is one more very interesting fact about Chinese cosmetics industry; Chinese women are very concerned about the ingesting of lipsticks. This is the most interesting food attitude about Chinese women. Now following its global strategy LOreal even took this into consideration and developed lipsticks containing vitamins; as soon as this was told to the women they were more comfortable in using the product. European countries are mostly developed, here LOreal has the liberty of publicizing the brand value rather than focusing on pricing, the benefit to LOreal in these markets is that it is already well established and the brand is well known so it can concentrate on grabbing the attention of individualistic feminist women. Pricing is not a concern in these markets so LOreal can afford to have punch lines like-I am worth it because these punch lines justify the high pricing of the products and fulfill the feeling of exclusivity of high end clientele. Now lets take another example from the European and us markets, LOreal brands in these markets are quiet well established. LOreal products have been used there for few generations now; once young consumer of the LOreal brand has started aging and the same street smart products could not be positioned to them, they have started becoming the mature citizens; now their priorities have changed. A recent market report suggests that the new target segment in the cosmetics industry is 40 plus women who once used the teenage cosmetics products. The thrust is on anti aging products because it not only adds the new customer base but retains the once teenage customer also. Customer from the baby boom generation reaches the retirement age and tries to maintain healthy and youthful look and finds out that their favorite cosmetics brand is still making products for them. LOreal capitalized on their desire to look youthful and started marketing it anti aging products, it has signed sixty year-old D iane Keaton to represent the Age Perfect Pro-Calcium skin care line. Also LOreal has signed Scarlett Johansson, Penelope Cruz, Eva Longoria and Beyoncà © Knowles to promote specific cosmetics lines according to the age groups. Now this tells us how LOreal used the desire of customers to position its products. The French conglomerate believes that only two different cultures as far as fashion is concerned, are dominant, represented by two flagship brands LOreal Paris and Maybelline new York. LOreal has been projected as a French origin with elegance, high end presentation and obviously high pricing. Whereas the Maybelline product line represents the street smart American babe who is looking for the value of the money. America seems to be the growth engine of the world, in the cosmetics industry as well. LOreal has understood this and they made a strategy based on the trends in the USA and thats how Maybelline came into existence. Maybelline currently is the second largest brand in share of unit sales of cosmetics products and number one in makeup brands. It claims to be totally consistent with todays confident woman. Maybelline products targets three customer segments; youngster (16 to 25), office lady (26-35) and career women (35 plus). Marketing mix for Maybelline line of products consists of two main strategies: foreign consumer cultural positioning and symbolic New York City imagery that women can relate to everywhere. Maybelline promotion include different way of grabbing attention including promotional coupons, online advertising, sponsorship of fashion shows, signing fashion icons as spokesperson of the product ,free make up consultancy and providing scholarships etc. we can see as American cosmetic market is a mature market so LOreal tries to rely on mature marketing tactics. In the early 20th century, even American society was not very much open to makeup and skin care products .people thought that only sinful women should wear makeup but eventually with the economic independence that the American women gained; makeup and cosmetics started coming into mainstream. Cosmetics apparently became the symbol of new self belief that the American women was beaming with; and remember even Maybelline claims to be totally consistent with todays women, there are several other punch lines like maybe shes born with it, maybe its Maybelline, all the punch lines keep the self confidence of women in centre as if its not the make up but its the attitude that has to be worn. Thats why women of every nationality and culture started identifying herself with the product and this became the symbol of the 21st century woman. We always say that the world has turned into a small village. Production houses are becoming more and more global. But same cant be said about the consumers as they would still be using the products because of their own reasons. Someone in the USA can use a product just to feel exclusive however the same product could be used in the UK for health reasons. So the companies need to identify the demands of a specific market to effectively satisfy the demand while planning the globalised marketing strategy. Therefore the challenge posed to the companies is whether they should just keep changing their strategy according to the culture or can they consider every customer as a global customer with all common needs. Thats the irony we are supposed to work with these days; on one hand companies are on a global platform more than any other point of time in history however they have to adapt to the mindset and lifestyle of the customer as well. The mindset and the lifestyle of the customer are heavily impacted by the culture. Culture is defined by different norms, values, interactions, language and others personal components shared by groups of people across the world. It is a social phenomenon which defines peoples interests, thoughts and other behaviors they may exhibit in the social life. From one country to another, humans have evolved and developed different types of expressions, beliefs and behavior which can be difficult to understand for someone who does not belong to the same culture. culture is the way how the members of a particular group interact with each other on the sharing of the available means, now that determines what is going to be the need for a particular product in that society, that also decides whether a particular advertising strategy will work or not and how exactly that will be interpreted by the target customers. In different markets consumer requirements and consumer behavior may vary. Cultural aspects deeply impact the consumer behavior; the impact may be direct or indirect. The culture distinction creates the consumer behavior difference, as it can be noticed between the Asian and European continent where the culture and the behaviors are very different. Being a global organization LOreal certainly needs to understand the cultural differences and position its products accordingly otherwise the results may be far more different than they are at this moment. The thrust has to be on hitting the right customer with the right product. This can be possible only if one has a deep knowledge of local culture and beliefs. A very interesting example would be of lipstick use in china; according to a research only 3% women use lipstick for makeup. The reason that was supposed to be behind this low percentage of lipstick use is even weirder; women in china have concerns about ingesting lipstick. LOreal conducted a survey to see whether this is just an age old saying or it holds some truth, based on the findings it came up with a lipstick that had vitamins in it and in turn the demand for LOreal vitamin lipsticks increased. Another example could be real handy; in India long hair is considered necessary for a woman to be considered beautiful. LOreal considered this fact while launching its shampoo product in India and it focused on publicizing the fact that using the garnier fructis shampoo helps in getting long and strong hair. This strategy made the product very popular in India. In china or India people like to have fair complexion. In Asia, women take special care of their skin. People want radiant skins and lotions that can nourish their skin against sun .whereas in the United States people would rather buy tanning cream. On basis of this knowledge LOreal can position their whitening creams in India and the interesting part is the way the advertisements could be interpreted .the way the advertisements for the fairness creams are made in Asian countries these can be interpreted as racial advertisements in the USA but in Asian countries that seems to be quiet usual. Now thats where the knowledge of the culture and beliefs comes handy and helps avoiding unnecessary problems. From a business point of view, companies have to adapt themselves to the culture of each country in which they want to have business in.  for example, Because of the differences of culture between countries, companies need to adjust their products and services according to the local demands. This will help them to create and develop a brand image across the globe that is based on a large number of globally recognized products. Based on these examples we can say that LOreal was able to be successful in these markets because it adapted to ground realities of the particular market yet it followed a standardized strategy. If we study the marketing mix of Maybelline, it has two pronged strategy -one for the foreign markets another is the global street-smart image of the American chic. The global street smart image of New York chick can be admired in almost all the urban centers, be it India, china or Brazil. However there has to be a right mix of local flavor as well. The most important part of the LOreals strategic plan is opportunity hunting or the marketing of their products worldwide. From the initial days it already started catering to the demands of women worldwide. In order to do that efficiently they were expected to be well aware of the diversities of women across the globe .once they knew the diversities their job was to come up with different line of products suitable to the women from all parts of the world .Innovation has been the keyword for LOreal and this was made possible through constant research and development over the years .the group has already covered most parts of the world and still striving to cover more. In order to do so LOreal group has to keep respecting other peoples identity ,ideas and culture .LOreal has to keep valuing different cultures and nationalities to get their brand value up and it seems that they have been doing it really well. The success story can continue further because even today products of LOreal touches the cultural values instilled in potential customers mind .LOreal just doesnt sell the product it makes the customer buy the idea of dreaming big but still remaining rooted to the core cultural values .it has carefully devised its global marketing strategy and customized it to the local needs, and thats the reason people from Africa to Europe and America to Australia are using the LOreal products. LOreal has been doing pretty well in terms of global presence and monetary growth. The mission today is to understand consumers needs and expectations so as to meet them as effectively as possible along with widening the scope of global line of products.

The Use of Symbolism in T.S. Eliots, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufro

The Use of Symbolism in T.S. Eliot's, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock A well-written poem is built out of levels. Each level alludes to the next until the ultimate discovery of the poet's message. "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," by T. S. Eliot, provides a perfect example of a well-crafted poem comprised of sequential levels, also known as a framed story. At the level just below the very surface, the poem obscurely tells the story of a failed lobster prophet, resurrected from the dead to warn other lobsters of the cruel fate that awaits them in the event of their capture. In the course of the story, the lobster prophet falls prey to the harvest of a lobster catcher and is then sent to a restaurant as food. While in the tank with the other lobsters, he reflects on and laments his life. This interpretation serves as a vehicle for presenting the true message of the poem, which exists on the next level, to the audience. The story of the lobster represents Eliot's own fear of people overlooking the messages he attempts to convey in his poetry. Even th ough he has learned this lesson from previous poems, he feels an attempt to save his future poems is futile in the same way as one lobster saving another is futile. One indicator that the lobster interpretation exists at the level below the surface of the poem is the yellow fog that fills the "... sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells" (Eliot L. 7). The persona describes "The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window panes / ... Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains" (Eliot LL. 15&18). The yellow fog from the passage is the steam from a restaurant's lobster pot that boils and cooks the lobsters. The yellow fog receives its color from the dim yellow lighting of... ...e, inside the obscurity of the poem at its most superficial level, like the abuseds' half of the ox. Eliot is afraid that the audience will mistake the obscurity of the poem as the best part, and overlook the hidden good on the inside, just as the abusers' did with their half of the ox. By wrapping one thing inside of another in this way, Eliot builds an excellent compilation of levels into one, well-written poem. Works Cited Eliot, T. S.. "The Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock." Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. 2nd Ed. Schlib & Clifford. Boston: Bedford, 2003. 851-855. Hesiod. Theogony. Trans. Apostolos N. Athanassakis. Baltimore: John Hopkins University, 1983. Hesiod. Works and Days. Trans. Apostolos N. Athanassakis. Baltimore: John Hopkins University, 1983. Holy Bible. King James Version. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1984.

Fertility Treatments Essay -- Infertility Birth Pregnancy Papers

Fertility Treatments I. Introduction It is assumed by most that we will all be able to grow up, fall in love, get married, and then have children of our own. This is not the lifestyle that all people choose, but it is still the view accepted by the majority of society. What happens when the unthinkable occurs and a happily married couple is unable to get pregnant? This is a reality for 7.1%, or 2.8 million, of the married couples in the United States (Lenox, 1999). Today, there are many people all over the world that decide to use fertility treatments to help them conceive a child, and this often leads to the birth of twins, triplets, or even higher order multiples. There are many risk factors that are involved in this type of pregnancy, and these issues have created a cloud of debate around this subject. The use of fertility treatments in recent years has been accompanied by an increase in the number of multiple births seen annually. The twin birth rate has increased by 59% since 1980, and the triplet and higher order multiples birth rate is up 423% (Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughter’s, 2004). There are two main forms of assisted reproductive therapy (ART) that are used currently. These are ovulation induction using fertility drugs alone and In vitro fertilization (IVF). II. Fertility Treatment Options Ovulation induction through the use of different forms of fertility drugs is the most common type of assisted reproductive therapy. The drug known as clomiphene, delivered in the form of an oral tablet, is commonly used for ovulation induction. It is taken over a restricted period of time during the menstrual cycle (Jacobs, 2004). This can vary between patients and physicians. The drug functions by all... ...Academic Search Premier [Online Database AN: 3358771]. Jacobs, Barry, M.D.. Multiple Births. Retrieved October 13, 2004, from http://www.texasfertility.com/nextstepmultiple.htm Lenox, Naomi. (1999). When Fertility Therapy Runs Amok: Debating the ethics and dangers of multiple births. Midwest Today. Retrieved November 1, 2004, from the World Wide Web: http://www.midtod.com/fertility.phtml Malpani, Dr. A&A. (2004). How Much Does Treatment Cost?. Retrieved November 1, 2004, from the World Wide Web: http://infertility.adoption.com/chapter47.php Morrow, Lance. (1999). Is This Right? Who has the right to say?. Time. Vol. 153, Issue1, p.41. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier [Online Database AN: 1402892]. Shady Grove Fertility Centers. Blastocyst Transfer. Retrieved October 14, 2004, from http://www.fertilitynetwork.com/articles/articles-blastocyst.htm Fertility Treatments Essay -- Infertility Birth Pregnancy Papers Fertility Treatments I. Introduction It is assumed by most that we will all be able to grow up, fall in love, get married, and then have children of our own. This is not the lifestyle that all people choose, but it is still the view accepted by the majority of society. What happens when the unthinkable occurs and a happily married couple is unable to get pregnant? This is a reality for 7.1%, or 2.8 million, of the married couples in the United States (Lenox, 1999). Today, there are many people all over the world that decide to use fertility treatments to help them conceive a child, and this often leads to the birth of twins, triplets, or even higher order multiples. There are many risk factors that are involved in this type of pregnancy, and these issues have created a cloud of debate around this subject. The use of fertility treatments in recent years has been accompanied by an increase in the number of multiple births seen annually. The twin birth rate has increased by 59% since 1980, and the triplet and higher order multiples birth rate is up 423% (Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughter’s, 2004). There are two main forms of assisted reproductive therapy (ART) that are used currently. These are ovulation induction using fertility drugs alone and In vitro fertilization (IVF). II. Fertility Treatment Options Ovulation induction through the use of different forms of fertility drugs is the most common type of assisted reproductive therapy. The drug known as clomiphene, delivered in the form of an oral tablet, is commonly used for ovulation induction. It is taken over a restricted period of time during the menstrual cycle (Jacobs, 2004). This can vary between patients and physicians. The drug functions by all... ...Academic Search Premier [Online Database AN: 3358771]. Jacobs, Barry, M.D.. Multiple Births. Retrieved October 13, 2004, from http://www.texasfertility.com/nextstepmultiple.htm Lenox, Naomi. (1999). When Fertility Therapy Runs Amok: Debating the ethics and dangers of multiple births. Midwest Today. Retrieved November 1, 2004, from the World Wide Web: http://www.midtod.com/fertility.phtml Malpani, Dr. A&A. (2004). How Much Does Treatment Cost?. Retrieved November 1, 2004, from the World Wide Web: http://infertility.adoption.com/chapter47.php Morrow, Lance. (1999). Is This Right? Who has the right to say?. Time. Vol. 153, Issue1, p.41. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier [Online Database AN: 1402892]. Shady Grove Fertility Centers. Blastocyst Transfer. Retrieved October 14, 2004, from http://www.fertilitynetwork.com/articles/articles-blastocyst.htm Fertility Treatments Essay -- Infertility Birth Pregnancy Papers Fertility Treatments I. Introduction It is assumed by most that we will all be able to grow up, fall in love, get married, and then have children of our own. This is not the lifestyle that all people choose, but it is still the view accepted by the majority of society. What happens when the unthinkable occurs and a happily married couple is unable to get pregnant? This is a reality for 7.1%, or 2.8 million, of the married couples in the United States (Lenox, 1999). Today, there are many people all over the world that decide to use fertility treatments to help them conceive a child, and this often leads to the birth of twins, triplets, or even higher order multiples. There are many risk factors that are involved in this type of pregnancy, and these issues have created a cloud of debate around this subject. The use of fertility treatments in recent years has been accompanied by an increase in the number of multiple births seen annually. The twin birth rate has increased by 59% since 1980, and the triplet and higher order multiples birth rate is up 423% (Children’s Hospital of the King’s Daughter’s, 2004). There are two main forms of assisted reproductive therapy (ART) that are used currently. These are ovulation induction using fertility drugs alone and In vitro fertilization (IVF). II. Fertility Treatment Options Ovulation induction through the use of different forms of fertility drugs is the most common type of assisted reproductive therapy. The drug known as clomiphene, delivered in the form of an oral tablet, is commonly used for ovulation induction. It is taken over a restricted period of time during the menstrual cycle (Jacobs, 2004). This can vary between patients and physicians. The drug functions by all... ...Academic Search Premier [Online Database AN: 3358771]. Jacobs, Barry, M.D.. Multiple Births. Retrieved October 13, 2004, from http://www.texasfertility.com/nextstepmultiple.htm Lenox, Naomi. (1999). When Fertility Therapy Runs Amok: Debating the ethics and dangers of multiple births. Midwest Today. Retrieved November 1, 2004, from the World Wide Web: http://www.midtod.com/fertility.phtml Malpani, Dr. A&A. (2004). How Much Does Treatment Cost?. Retrieved November 1, 2004, from the World Wide Web: http://infertility.adoption.com/chapter47.php Morrow, Lance. (1999). Is This Right? Who has the right to say?. Time. Vol. 153, Issue1, p.41. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier [Online Database AN: 1402892]. Shady Grove Fertility Centers. Blastocyst Transfer. Retrieved October 14, 2004, from http://www.fertilitynetwork.com/articles/articles-blastocyst.htm

Gender Inequality and Sexual Assault: Why Both Sexes Are To Blame :: Womens Studies

Gender Inequality and Sexual Assault: Why Both Sexes Are To Blame In a recent sociology class, Sandra Bem was mentioned. Bem is a sociologist who focuses on gender. However, unlike most sociologists, Bem chooses not to focus on the differences between males and females, but rather on the similarities. She says that polarized gender socialization, the way that we assign masculine or feminine characteristics to things such as walking and talking to make males and females appear to be opposite, keeps us from realizing that the sexes are more alike than they are different. Men and women have the same needs for food, clothing, shelter, affection, belonging, and so forth. So, what are we doing when we divide human beings by gender and exaggerate differences through social constructs that are not even pertinent? We are creating excuses for the problems we have by blaming gender differences. By continuing to dwell on the social differences between men and women in present day American society, we are merely propelling the problem of gender inequality and g iving it a reason to remain, rather than eliminating it. Yet, in the 1990’s and continuing now in the twenty-first century, both the men and women of American society are impeding feminism because their shared responsibility is overlooked, especially in cases of rape and other sexual assaults. It is clear when we look at a topic like rape that both sexes can be at fault, not only for the action at hand, but for the deterioration of equality in gender issues caused by that action. It is a well-established fact that men do not rape for sex, but rather for power. Men already have power just because they are men living in a male dominated society. Why on earth would a member of this "dominant" group feel the need to physically take over another person’s body in order to feel powerful? Are American men so accustomed to having their way that they feel they can do as they wish constantly and without thinking about the consequences? Or, are men who rape merely retaliating as a means of retrieving the power they have been losing since day one of the women’s movement? I am not at all saying that because women want to be treated fairly in society that they are then putting themselves as a whole at risk from the attacks of jealous men. Afterall, one never hears about wom en raping men even though women are trying to increase their amount of power.

PCS model Essay

The PCS model (Thompson 2001) has three concentric rings (inside to outside: P-C-S). The â€Å"P† stands for personal prejudice or the personal, psychological level; the â€Å"C† stands for the cultural level- consensus, commonality, conformity; the â€Å"S† level stands for the structural level. (Ledwith 128) Apply: This model is useful for community development because it allows us to see how different levels of interaction and analysis from the personal to societal and structural affect life. Specifically in terms of discrimination we can break down the reasons behind issues of inequality in society- where do they come from? How were they built? People in communities are all at different levels within their PCS model- people are influenced and affected by the lives they lead- when they were raised by their parents, how they raise their own family. You need to take this into account- where are people found in these PCS rings? You also need to remember that the PCS rings ARE concentric and they DO affect each other. When trying to address issues such as discrimination, you need to figure out which circle might be the driving force, and where you can intervene in the other circles as well. Adapt: I think we’re starting to see how many of these theories can be adapted to other fields. I think the biggest takeaway is knowing that people are at different developmental stages. Someone’s personal prejudices are often highly influenced by the culture and structure they were raised in (often not a choice). It’s easy to attack someone for their personal beliefs, especially when you don’t know where they’re coming from. I think we can adapt this model to any situation dealing with social justice issues. You need to unravel these circles, knowing they affect each other.

Assignment on Online Banking

TERM PAPER ON ONLINE BANKING SERVICE IN BANGLADESH 1. DEFINITION OF ONLINE BANKING Online banking  is a service offered by banks that allows  account  holders to access their account data via the Internet. In order to take advantage of online banking, an account holder would need to meet several technological requirements, such as having a personal computer with Internet access and web browser. If those conditions are satisfied, online banking can be performed from anywhere in the world.To minimize the risk of fraud, online banking is enabled through a secure server, which grants the individual a private access to his or her  bank  account. Online banking is designed to streamline banking chores that otherwise require considerable time and effort. Thus, online banking facilitates direct access to account details, enables transfer of funds, allows for multiple bills payments, and performs an array other transactions. Online banking is available twenty four hours, seven days a week, regardless of the bank's working hours. Today, most banks offer online banking services. . HOW MANY BANKERS PROVIDE ONLINE BANKING SERVICES IN BANGLADESH Bangladesh Bank Governor Dr Atiur Rahman said 79 percent institutions under the country’s banking sector are providing online service at present. He said, â€Å"37 banks are providing all-out online service, while six are getting preparations to provide online service. Almost 79 percent institutions are under online service now. † Dr Atiur came up with the comment at the inauguration of the 4th International e-banking and Mobile Commerce Conference as the chief guest at a hotel in Dhaka Monday 10th July’2012Science and Information Communication Technology Ministry Secretary Nazrul Islam Khan, Bangladesh Telecommunication Regularity Commission Chairman General (Retd) Zia Ahmed, FBCCI President AK Azad, Chief Marketing Officer of Eco-Bharat Anand Ramanand, Dell Bangladesh’s Country Director Sonia B ashir spoke at the inaugural session. Dr Atiur said, â€Å"23 banks were given the approval of providing online services up to June, 2012. Amongst them, 14 banks have already started the service. † 3. PROSPECT OF ONLINE BANKING SERVICE IN BANGLADESH Information technology environment changes rapidly.It is estimated that the number of Internet users in Bangladesh will increase in a recent years. The number of physical branches will be decreased (the profile of physical branches will change to advice and support centers) and most of the transactions will be concluded via main e-banking channels: online Internet bank and m-banking services. Rapid growth of e-banking in Bangladesh is expected. 4. ADVANTAGE OF ONLINE BANKING SERVICE IN BANGLADESH What are the three greatest things about the Internet? E-mail, music, and online banking! Whether for the convenience or the control, online banking is an aspect of banking that nobody can resist.Our children will probably laugh when we t ell them people used to actually go to a bank to pay bills. Online banking rocks! Many of the benefits of doing your banking online are obvious: You don't have to wait in line. You don't have to plan your day around the bank's hours. You can look at your balance whenever you want, not just when you get a statement. There are some hidden benefits too. As a young bank customer, you're just learning how to manage your money and observe your spending patterns. Online banking allows you to watch your money on a daily basis if you want to.By keeping close tabs on your funds, you'll always be aware of what's happening in your bank account. For those experienced spenders, this option is far more appealing than the sudden discovery that you're broke! It's also helpful to watch how much interest you're gathering on investments and savings or what service charges you have incurred. What to expect Here are some of the features available through online banking: View balances: Checking your balan ce doesn't require much work. You simply select Account balances and take a look at your balance and past transactions.If you have more than one account, you can also do transfers between accounts. Pay bills: To pay your bills online, you just need to add to your account the names of the companies you wish to pay bills to. In the Pay Bills section, select Add payees, search for the name of the company and fill in the account number for each company. You can also sign up for the E-bills service that sends you a bill by e-mail instead of a printed one by regular mail. Transfer funds: When you select Transfer Funds, you'll be asked where to transfer the money to and from, when, and the amount.Set up recurring bill payments or transfers: If you make a regular payment every month, it might be convenient to set up an automatic withdrawal from your account. Monitor CIBC investments: If you have any CIBC investments, you can keep an eye on those stocks or mutual funds here. Send and receive an INTERAC e-TransferTM2: This could be the end of the birthday cheque! You can receive transfers from other people's accounts, or set up transfers from your account to someone else's. The recipient will get an e-mail notifying them of the transaction.View CIBC VISA* accounts: Always a good place to monitor your spending. You can make your credit card payments online, right from your account. Order cheques: We don't need them much anymore due to online banking and debit purchases, but if you still use cheques, you can order them directly from the CIBC website. Take control Online banking helps you become more of a banker, running your accounts like a small business that you control every day. Once you get started, you'll be hooked. Soon enough you'll be checking your bank account as often as your e-mail. 5. FUNCTIONS OF ONLINE BANKING SERVICE IN BANGLADESHOnline banking is the practice of making bank transactions via the Internet. It will give you an excellent opportunity to bypass the time-consuming, paper-based aspects of traditional banking in order to manage your finances more efficiently. By switching to electronic bills, statements, and payments, the average American household can save 6. 6 pounds of paper in one year! And you can catch any fraudulent transactions faster than if you received a statement by snail post. Thanks to innovative technology and the Internet in particular, we no longer have to leave the house to make payments.Online banking is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, so you can do it anytime, anywhere. Online banking allows us to perform various services with the click of a mouse. You can: 1. Pay a bill. Electronic bill payment service allows a depositor to send money from his or her online account to a creditor or merchant, for example to a public utility or a department store. There is no need to stand in a long line on a weekend morning to handle your transactions! The payment is virtually instant, though some financial insti tutions can wait until the next business day to send out the payment.If it is necessary, the bank can generate and mail a paper cheque or banker's draft to a creditor who is not set up to receive electronic payments. 2. Schedule payments in advance. Most banks offer customers the ability to schedule a payment on a specified date. Once the amount is entered and the payee is checked off, the funds are automatically deducted from your online bank account. It is especially useful if you always forget due dates. For example, you can schedule credit card or mortgage payments to make sure that you will not incur late fees and damage your FICO score. 3.Transfer funds. Do you want to send money quickly and securely? With online banking, you can make money transfers between your own accounts, or send money to a third party account. All you need is recipient/payee information and enough funds in your account. Quite often, the operations are performed in real time. 4. Manage all your accounts i n one place. Online banking is a great time saver because it provides an opportunity to handle several bank accounts (checking, savings, CDs, IRAs, etc. ) from one site. Most new accounts you open will be automatically added to online banking. . View images of your checks online. Do you need a copy of a paid check? With online banking, you can view and print scanned images of the front and back of all checks you have written. It is easy and convenient. 6. Apply for a loan or credit card. Having an account online, you can apply for a credit card or a loan (a car loan, a student loan, a mortgage, a home equity loan, etc. ) from the same bank. If you have a good credit score and long relationship history with your bank, your application is likely to be approved. 7. Purchase and manage CD accounts.If you have some amount of money you want to invest, you can purchase a certificate of deposit from your bank. Online banking lets you compare all available offers and their terms, for example APY or maturity periods. When you confirm the purchase, the funds will be automatically deducted from your account. 8. Order traveler's checks. You can order American Express Traveler’s Cheques online. The bank will typically charge your online account for the amount of the cheques you bought and an express delivery fee. 9. Increase your overdraft. Going into the red shouldn't leave you red-faced!You can increase your overdraft online. Log in to online banking and click on ‘Overdraft' in the menu. 10. Order a cheque book. Save yourself at least one trip to the bank by ordering cheque book online. You will need to visit your bank once when you get a confirmation message that your cheque book is ready for collection. 11. View up-to-the-minute account statements and balance. There is no need to wait for the bank statement to arrive in the snail post to check account balances. You can view all transactions and withdrawals every day just by logging in to your online account .In addition, you can immediately notice errors or unauthorized transactions in the statement. 12. View automatically updated spending report. All your purchases are sorted into familiar categories automatically – no receipts to save, no expenses to enter. It is easy to see where your money goes! 13. Track your payment history. Online banking gives you an opportunity to search your payments by transaction type, date, description or amount. When did you last pay Company X? When did you buy your computer? To whom did you make your most recent payment? Your bank knows the answers. 14.Integrate the data with personal finance programs. Online banking lets you import electronic payment data in personal finance software such as Quicken or Microsoft Money. You will be able to access your online accounts directly from your personal finance program. An Internet connection and online account log in information is required. 15. Change contact details. Have you moved to a new house? Chang ed your telephone number? You can log in to your online account and change contact information (e-mail address, telephone number, password, etc. ). It is more secure than to send this information by e-mail. 16.Utilize investment research. You can receive real-time quotes, analytics, news and stock market information to make a more educated decision. 17. Take advantage of online brokerage. Internet banking lets you invest online. You can place and confirm trades 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Most banks provide a wide range of money market instruments from various issuers. 18. Get alerts. This service allows you to receive timely e-mail messages from your bank about any critical changes related to your Internet accounts. For example, you can get alerts when you make a withdrawal or change your contact information. 9. Verify terms and conditions. Did you forget your interest rates or payment due date? You can verify all information about your account online. 20. Chat with your cus tomer assistant department. If you need help, you can send message to your bank’s customer assistant department. They will help you solve your problem. 6. SWOT ANALYSIS OF ONLINE BANKING SERVICE IN BANGLADESH SWOT Analysis: To find out the viability of a particular product we must perform a SWOT Analysis of the product. This will analyze the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities ,and Threats of the particular product.For analyzing the performance of Internet Banking in Bangladesh we the following SWOT Analysis is considered. Strengths †¢ Internet Banking is new in our market. Only a few banks are now offering internet services in solving banking problems. Most of the banks are offering only accounting information online. Actual fund transfer and fund disbursement is not possible in all the banks that are offering internet services. So this product will enjoy the benefit of a first mover. †¢ It is cheap both for the banks and the customers. The bank will be able to lo wer down the overhead costs and make more profit out of it.Internet banking will require less manual workers. Again the customers will be able to save time as well as money for their transaction needs. †¢ Internet banking is convenient as the service is available all the time at just a click away. Weaknesses: †¢ Security breakdown: The system will have a problem with the identification of the individual who is initiating the transaction. In Bangladesh, the identification of an individual is not yet supported digitally. So there will be a problem in moving to the Internet era for banking purposes just now.First we will have to develop a digital database of the users of the internet banking services. †¢ The transaction can be cancelled only via internet. The internet infrastructure of our country is not that much supportive to provide all time access to the web. So there will be a problem in executing the service with its full functionality. Opportunities: †¢ Non-b ranch banking is becoming popular in our country. Many banks are now offering non-branch banking facilities. A person can withdraw or deposit money in any branch of the bank he has account with. †¢ The internet services are becoming very common to us.So a service offered through the internet will be widely accepted in the near future. Threats : †¢ People have concern about security and privacy. They like to feel their money with their hand. They actually don’t believe in virtual money transfer. †¢ In the field of IT new technology is coming every day. The one which is very popular today might get obsolete tomorrow. So to have a competitive edge over the competitors the banks must always update their services. †¢ The movement towards online banking might marginalized the customers who do not have internet access or who are not technologically sound.Despite the presence of online Internet service in Bangladesh, its scope is largely underutilized. The reasons include high service charges, lack of awareness, poor telecommunication systems, government policy, low buying power of potential clients, and lack of institutional support. 7. CHALLENGES / RISKS OF ONLINE BANKING SERVICE IN BANGLADESH Generally it is believed that banks in Bangladesh are facing different problems adopting e-banking. Inefficiency and lack of adequate knowledge of the top management of the last generation about e–banking may have to be put at the first place.The top management set the way for future development. For the change they must have understood its significance and prospect. Only so, proper strategic plan could be done, appropriate adjustment with changing national and international business and technological environment could be made, the coming challenges from the national and international. competition successfully faced, and the market share retained and gained. The lack of communication channel and technological and technical infrastructure suppo rt may be seen as the second crucial challenges of e-banking in Bangladesh.It is not enough that there are enough communication channels, but they must be efficient, competitive, competent, cost effective and supportive to the services. In the millennium of ICT every nation has to think global, so worldwide efficient networking and WAP have to be ensured. Ensuring mature technology is also very important for successful introduction of the e-banking which includes adequate software. Modern technology is available but frequently very costly, but the countries like Bangladesh have other decisive comparative advantages that could be used to compensate the cost of the modern technology.In this way, the modern technology could be made economically viable, cost-effective and competitive even in the world market. Qualified human resource is another factor that has to be considered, which means experts have to be made available in the market. In the long run such services can’t be mad e competitive with hired or imported human resources. So, respective educational institutes must be established for the supply of the experts for the management of the hard- and software of the sectors. It is expected that a part of the existing employees both from the rank and file may resist the change.To motivate and integrate them in the change, training and reorientation program must be launched. Security of the services is very important to popularize it. To protect the service from piracy and fraudulency reliable security systems must be ensured. In this regard, government, banks, and Bangladesh Bank must work together. So and so, ways and means must be found to protect fraud and money laundering but at the same time ensuring fund transferring. 8. RECOMMENDATION / SUGGESTIONS OF ONLINE BANKING SERVICE IN BANGLADESHMost of the countries have adopted E-banking and the consumers seem to like the convenience of E-banking despite some continuing hesitancy. The widespread uses of A TMs has paved the way for greater acceptance of other forms of electronic money such as smart cards and POS. Direct deposit, and to a lesser extent, electronic bill payment, are and to a lesser extent gaining popularity. In addition, as more people purchase personal computer and use the internet, home banking should become more widely accepted. But a cashless or check less financial system is still not in the state of foreseeable future.Though there are 28 banks in Bangladesh, mostly head quartered in Dhaka. Most of these banks do not offer online or electronic service such as Direct Deposit. There are some ATM machines, though not nearly as concentrated as in a developed economy. The Ministry of Science, Information and Communication Technology has given out the policy for the development in the IT sector. The ministry has concentrated on the following sections: †¢ Human Resources Development through Education and Training †¢ ICT Infrastructure development †¢ Researc h and Development in ICT †¢ Development of ICT Industry Development of E-Commerce †¢ E-Government / E-Governance establishment †¢ Establishment of Legal Issues. The Government spending in ICT is going to increase by at least 2% of ADPin coming years. The ICT companies will get preferential terms which will be able to meet up 20% of its revenue expenditure. BCC has created a centralized fund for R&D which would encourage contributing 1% of all profits from ICT-enabled services to the HRD fund. This will greatly help the development if ICT in Bangladesh. The software support for internet banking, i. e. FLEXCUBE is available in Bangladesh.Again Bangladesh Government is working on the copyright law and the preservation of intellectual property act. After the successful implementation of all these policies and strategies we are expecting that more than 50% of the banks will be offering internet banking facilities that is now 12% only. E-banking is in its nascent state in B angladesh. At present, Information Technology (IT) is a subject of widespread interest in Bangladesh. The government has declared IT as a thrust sector and set up a vision of Digital Bangladesh in 2021. But Bangladesh has a long way to go in a very short time to enjoy the fruits of information age.It will be only possible when there will be political commitment with better IT infrastructure, internal network, country domain and above all ahigh speed fiber optic link to the information superhighway. In order to ensure a successful practice of e-banking in Bangladesh, we recommend the following. * E-banking systems should be simple to use, fast and user friendly. * E-banking services should be standardized so that wherever the solution is used the customer is familiar with the procedure followed. * Government should compel the banking sectors to automate their operation and going online by a specific period. Provide adequate training and technological support to develop the manpower. * Appropriate legal framework. * Proper infrastructure development. * Government should implement the cyber laws to ensure proper security about customers information (i. e. Credit card number) . * Government should establish proper educational institution to create efficient IT professionals to support e-banking in Bangladesh. * Developing of integrated e-banking software. Government, in collaboration with the banks, should educate and inform its citizens and customers on the workability and effectiveness of E-banking.This will increase the confidence level of customers. * The clearing house operation in Bangladesh should be fully automated system. * Banks should have adequate research and technological background in this regard. * Bank can charge normal profit to enlarge the market size on the electronic banking products. * Political commitment to improve governance and institutional strength is essential for successful application of e-banking. * As e-bank users mostly use ATMs a nd POS in most cases, the banks should emphasize on providing uninterruptible service.